Chiwopsezo cha kukula kwa China m'miyezi isanu ndi itatu yoyambirira ya chaka chino chatsika poyerekeza ndi zaka zam'mbuyomu.Makamaka chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo monga mfundo ya ku China ya "zero" yopewera ndi kuwongolera miliri, nyengo yoopsa, komanso kuchepa kwa zofuna zamayiko akunja, kukula kwa malonda aku China kudatsika kwambiri mu Ogasiti.Komabe, makampani opanga photovoltaic apeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pazogulitsa kunja.
Malinga ndi zikhalidwe zaku China, m'miyezi isanu ndi itatu yoyambirira ya chaka chino, kutumiza kwa ma cell a solar ku China kudakwera kwambiri ndi 91,2% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha, zomwe zotumiza ku Europe zidakwera ndi 138%.Chifukwa cha kukwera kwamitengo yamagetsi ku Europe chifukwa cha nkhondo ku Ukraine, kufunikira kwa mafakitale a photovoltaic ku Europe ndikwamphamvu, komanso mtengo wa polysilicon, zopangira zopangira.mapanelo a dzuwa, yapitirizabe kuwuka.
Makampani opanga ma photovoltaic aku China adakula mwachangu m'zaka khumi zapitazi, ndipo malo opangira ma module a photovoltaic padziko lonse adasamutsidwa kuchokera ku Europe ndi United States kupita ku China.Pakalipano, dziko la China ndilo dziko lalikulu kwambiri pamakampani opanga ma photovoltaic padziko lonse lapansi, ku Ulaya ndilo malo akuluakulu opangira zinthu za photovoltaic ku China, ndipo mayiko omwe akutuluka kumene monga India ndi Brazil ali ndi zofuna zamphamvu zamsika.Mayiko a ku Ulaya ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zopangira, ndipo kudalira zinthu za photovoltaic za ku China panthawi ya kusintha kwa mphamvu kwayikidwa pa ndondomeko ya EU, ndipo kuyitanidwa kuti abwerere ku Ulaya kwa mafakitale opanga photovoltaic.
Kukwera kwamitengo yamagetsi chifukwa cha vuto la ku Ukraine kwapangitsa kuti Europe iganizire zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi.Ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti vuto la mphamvu ndi mwayi kwa Ulaya kuti afulumizitse njira yosinthira mphamvu.Europe ikukonzekera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito gasi lachilengedwe la Russia pofika chaka cha 2030, ndipo kuposa 40% ya magetsi ake adzachokera kuzinthu zongowonjezwdwa.Mayiko omwe ali m'bungwe la EU akuyesetsa kuti awonjezere msika wamagetsi a dzuwa ndi mphepo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azikhala ofunika kwambiri m'tsogolomu.
Fang Sichun, wofufuza pamakampani opanga ma photovoltaic a InfoLink, adati: "Kukwera kwamagetsi kwakhudza ku Europe.mafakitale a photovoltaickuyimitsa kupanga ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa katundu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito amtundu wa photovoltaic sunafikire kupanga kwathunthu.Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, ku Ulaya kulinso chaka chino.Kufunika kwa photovoltaics ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu, ndipo InfoLink ikuyerekeza kufunikira kwa ma module a photovoltaic ku Ulaya chaka chino.
Malinga ndi Pulofesa Karen Pittel wa ku Germany ifo Institute for Economic Research ndi Leibniz Institute for Economic Research ya University of Munich, pambuyo pa kuyambika kwa nkhondo ya Ukraine, kuvomereza kwa anthu mphamvu zowonjezereka kwawonjezeka kachiwiri, zomwe sizikukhudzana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, komanso kumakhudzanso nkhani ya chitetezo champhamvu.Karen Pieter anati: “Anthu akamaganizira za kufulumizitsa kusintha kwa magetsi, amaona ubwino ndi kuipa kwake.Ubwino wake ndi kuvomerezedwa kwakukulu, kupikisana kwabwinoko, ndipo EU yaika chidwi kwambiri pa izi.Mwachitsanzo, Germany ikufulumizitsa kulengedwa kwa zinthu za (photovoltaic product) Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndiyofulumira.Pali zovuta zina, makamaka zandalama zomwe zimapezeka panthawi yamavuto, komanso nkhani yovomereza anthu kuti avomereze kukhazikitsa nyumba m'nyumba zawo. ”
Karen Pieter anatchula chodabwitsa ku Germany, monga anthu kuvomereza lingaliro la mphamvu ya mphepo, koma kudana ndi mfundo yakuti magetsi opangira mphepo ali pafupi ndi nyumba zawo.Komanso, pamene anthu sadziwa zobwerera zamtsogolo, kuyika ndalama kungakhale kochenjera komanso kokayikakayika.Zowona, mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso zimakhala zopikisana kwambiri pamene mphamvu yamafuta amafuta imakhala yokwera mtengo.
Photovoltaic waku Chinakutsogolera kwathunthu
Mayiko onse akupanga mwamphamvu kupanga magetsi a photovoltaic kuti akwaniritse zolinga zochepetsera utsi.Pakadali pano, mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi yopanga ma photovoltaic imakhazikika kwambiri ku China.Kusanthula kukukhulupirira kuti izi ziwonjezera kudalira kwazinthu zaku China.Malinga ndi lipoti la International Energy Organisation, China ili kale ndi ndalama zoposa 80% zazitsulo zopangira magetsi a dzuwa, ndipo zigawo zina zapadera zikuyembekezeka kuwerengera zoposa 95% pofika 2025. Deta yachititsa mantha pakati pa akatswiri, omwe akuwonetsa kuti mayendedwe aku Europe opanga ma PV ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa aku China.Malinga ndi data ya Eurostat, 75% ya mapanelo adzuwa omwe adatumizidwa ku EU mu 2020 adachokera ku China.
Pakalipano, mphamvu ya dzuwa ya China ndi mphamvu yopangira zida zamphepo yatsogolera msika wapadziko lonse, ndipo ili ndi mphamvu zonse pazitsulo.Malinga ndi lipoti la International Energy Organisation, pofika chaka cha 2021, China ili ndi 79% ya mphamvu zopanga polysilicon padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa 97% kupanga zowotcha zapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikupanga 85% yama cell adzuwa padziko lonse lapansi.Kufunika kophatikizana kwa mapanelo adzuwa ku Europe ndi North America kumaposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu azomwe zimafunikira padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zigawo ziwirizi zimakhala zosakwana 3% iliyonse pamagawo onse opanga ma solar.
Alexander Brown, wofufuza ku Mercator Institute of China ku Germany, adanena kuti atsogoleri a EU adayankha mwamsanga ku nkhondo ya Ukraine ndipo adayambitsa njira yatsopano yothanirana ndi kudalira mphamvu kwa Russia, koma izi sizinasonyeze kuti mphamvu za ku Ulaya A kufooka kwakukulu mu chitetezo, zomwe European Union yapanga ndondomeko yotchedwa REPowerEU, yomwe ikufuna kufikitsa 320 GW ya mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya dzuwa mu 2025 ndikuwonjezeka kufika ku 600 GW mu 2030. Mphamvu zamakono zopangira mphamvu za dzuwa ndi 160 GW..
Misika iwiri ikuluikulu ya ku Ulaya ndi kumpoto kwa America pakali pano imadalira kwambiri kuitanitsa zinthu za photovoltaic za ku China, ndipo mphamvu zopangira zinthu ku Ulaya sizikukwaniritsa zofuna zawo.Mayiko aku Europe ndi North America ayamba kuzindikira kuti kudalira zinthu zaku China si njira yothetsera nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake akufufuza mwachangu njira zopezera .
Alexander Brown adanenanso kuti kudalira kwambiri kwa Europe pazinthu zotumizidwa ku China PV kwadzetsa nkhawa zandale ku Europe, zomwe zimawonedwa ngati chiopsezo chachitetezo, ngakhale sizowopsyeza zomangamanga zaku Europe ngati chiwopsezo cha cybersecurity, China ikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ma solar solar ngati chowongolera kusuntha ku Europe. ."Ichi ndi chiwopsezo chambiri, ndipo pamlingo wina, zimabweretsa mtengo wokwera kumakampani aku Europe.M'tsogolomu, pazifukwa zilizonse, katundu wochokera ku China akadulidwa, zidzabweretsa mtengo wokwera kumakampani aku Europe ndipo zitha kuchedwetsa Kuyika kwa ma solar ku Europe".
Kusintha kwa mtengo wa European PV
Polemba mu PV Magazine, magazini ya photovoltaic industry, Julius Sakalauskas, CEO wa soliTek Lithuanian solar panel solar, anafotokoza nkhawa za kudalira kwakukulu kwa Ulaya pazinthu za PV za China.Nkhaniyi inanena kuti zotuluka kuchokera ku China zitha kukhudzidwa ndi funde latsopano la ma virus ndi chipwirikiti, komanso mikangano yandale, monga momwe Lithuania idachitikira.
Nkhaniyi inanena kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwapadera kwa njira ya mphamvu ya dzuwa ya EU kuyenera kuganiziridwa bwino.Sizikudziwika bwino momwe European Commission idzagawire ndalama zothandizira chitukuko cha photovoltaics kwa mayiko omwe ali mamembala.Pokhapokha ndi chithandizo chanthawi yayitali champikisano chazachuma pakupanga zinthu zaku Europe za photovoltaic zidzachira.Kupanga kwakukulu ndikotheka mwachuma.EU yakhazikitsa cholinga chomanganso mafakitale a photovoltaic ku Ulaya, mosasamala kanthu za mtengo wake, chifukwa cha kufunikira kwake kwachuma.Makampani aku Europe sangathe kupikisana ndi makampani aku Asia pamtengo, ndipo opanga ayenera kuganizira za njira zokhazikika komanso zatsopano zanthawi yayitali.
Alexander Brown amakhulupirira kuti n'zosapeŵeka kuti China idzalamulira msika mu nthawi yochepa, ndipo Ulaya adzapitiriza kuitanitsa chiwerengero chachikulu cha zotsika mtengo.Zinthu zaku China za photovoltaic, pamene akufulumizitsa njira yolimbikitsira mphamvu zowonjezera.Pakati pa nthawi yayitali, Europe ili ndi njira zochepetsera kudalira China, kuphatikiza mphamvu yodzipangira yokha ku Europe komanso European Union's European Solar Initiative.Komabe, sizokayikitsa kuti Europe isiyanitsidwe kwathunthu ndi ogulitsa aku China, ndipo pang'ono pang'ono kulimba mtima kungakhazikitsidwe, ndiyeno njira zina zoperekera zitha kukhazikitsidwa.
European Commission sabata ino idavomereza kukhazikitsidwa kwa Photovoltaic Industry Alliance, gulu la anthu ambiri lomwe limaphatikizapo makampani onse a PV, ndi cholinga chokulitsa luso laukadaulo.solar PV mankhwalandi matekinoloje opanga ma module, kufulumizitsa kutumizidwa kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa ku EU ndikuwongolera kulimba kwa dongosolo lamphamvu la EU.
Fang Sichun adati msika ukupitilizabe kukhala ndi opanga kuti atolere ndikumvetsetsa kuthekera koperekera kunja komwe sikupangidwa ku China.“Njira zaku Europe zogwirira ntchito, magetsi ndi zinthu zina zopangira ndizokwera, ndipo mtengo wogulira zida zama cell ndi wokwera.Momwe mungachepetsere ndalama kudzakhalabe kuyesa kwakukulu.Cholinga cha ndondomeko ya ku Ulaya ndi kupanga 20 GW ya silicon wafer, selo, ndi mphamvu yopanga gawo ku Ulaya pofika 2025. sizinawoneke.Ngati zopanga zakomweko ku Europe zikuyenda bwino, zikufunikabe kuwona ngati European Union ili ndi mfundo zothandizira mtsogolo. ”
Poyerekeza ndi zinthu zaku Europe za photovoltaic, zinthu zaku China zili ndi mwayi wampikisano pamtengo.Alexander Brown amakhulupirira kuti makina ndi kupanga misa kungalimbikitse mpikisano wazinthu zaku Europe."Ndikuganiza kuti zodzipangira zokha ndizofunikira kwambiri, ndipo ngati malo opangira zinthu ku Europe kapena maiko ena ali ndi makina okhazikika komanso okwanira, izi zichepetsa zabwino za China pankhani yotsika mtengo wantchito komanso kuchuluka kwachuma.Kupanga kwa China kwa ma module a solar kumadaliranso kwambiri pamafuta amafuta.Ngati malo atsopano opanga zinthu m'mayiko ena akhoza kupanga ma solar panels kuchokera ku mphamvu zowonjezereka, izi zidzachepetsa kwambiri mpweya wawo wa carbon, womwe udzakhala mwayi wopikisana.Izi zidzapindulitsa m'tsogolomu njira zomwe EU idzakhazikitsenso monga malire a carbon The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, yomwe idzalanga kutulutsa mpweya wambiri wa kaboni kuchokera kunja.
Karen Pieter adanena kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito zopangira magetsi a dzuwa ku Ulaya zatsika kwambiri, zomwe zingathandize kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wamakampani a photovoltaic ku Ulaya.Kubwerera kwa mafakitale a photovoltaic ku Ulaya kumafuna ndalama zambiri ndipo ayenera kukhala ndi ndalama zokwanira.Gawo loyambirira lamakampani lingafunike thandizo la European Union ndi ndalama zochokera kumayiko ena.Potengera chitsanzo cha Germany, Karen Pieter adanena kuti makampani ambiri a ku Germany adapeza chidziwitso chokwanira chaukadaulo ndi chidziwitso m'mbuyomu, ndipo makampani ambiri adatsekedwa chifukwa chokwera mtengo, koma chidziwitso chaukadaulo chidakalipo.
Karen Pieter adati ndalama zogwirira ntchito zatsika pafupifupi 90% pazaka khumi zapitazi, "Tsopano tili m'nthawi yomwe ma solar amayenera kutumizidwa kuchokera ku China kupita ku Europe.M’mbuyomu ndalama za anthu ogwira ntchito zinali zochulukira ndipo zoyendera sizinali zofunika kwambiri, koma pankhani ya kutsika kwa ndalama zantchito, zonyamula katundu ndi zofunika kwambiri kuposa kale, zomwe ndiye chinsinsi champikisano.”
Alexander Brown adanena kuti Europe ndi United States ali ndi maubwino amphamvu pakufufuza ndi chitukuko.Europe, United States ndi Japan atha kugwirizana ndi China kuti apange zinthu zatsopano zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso zachilengedwe.Zachidziwikire, maboma aku Europe amathanso kuteteza Europe ngati akufuna kupikisana paukadaulo.bizinesi kapena kupereka chithandizo.
Lipoti la InfoLink, mlangizi wamakampani a photovoltaic, linanena kuti pali zolimbikitsa kwa opanga ku Ulaya kuti awonjezere kupanga ku Ulaya, makamaka kuphatikizapo msika waukulu wa ku Ulaya, ndondomeko ya EU yothandizira chitukuko cha m'deralo, ndi kuvomereza kwamtengo wapatali kwa msika.Kusiyanitsa kwazinthu kumakhalabe ndi mwayi wokhala chimphona chopanga photovoltaic.
Fang Sichun adanena kuti pakali pano palibe ndondomeko yeniyeni yolimbikitsira ku Ulaya, koma ndizowona kuti kuthandizidwa ndi ndondomekoyi kudzapatsa opanga chilimbikitso kuti akwaniritse zolinga zowonjezera kupanga, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa matekinoloje atsopano kungakhalenso mwayi kwa opanga kupanga. kudutsa mu ngodya.Komabe, kupezeka kosakwanira kwa zida zakunja zakunja, mitengo yayikulu yamagetsi, kukwera kwamitengo ndi mitengo yakusinthana kumakhalabe nkhawa zobisika m'tsogolomu.
Mapangidwe aMakampani a PV aku China
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lino, mafakitale a photovoltaic a ku China anali adakali aang'ono, ndipo zinthu za photovoltaic za ku China zinali gawo laling'ono kwambiri la msika wapadziko lonse.M'zaka 20 zapitazi, makampani opanga ma photovoltaic padziko lapansi asintha kwambiri.Makampani opanga ma photovoltaic aku China adayamba kukula moyipa.Pofika m'chaka cha 2008, mafakitale a photovoltaic ku China Kuthekera kopanga kwadutsa kale ku Germany, komwe kumakhala koyambirira padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mphamvu yopanga imakhala pafupifupi theka la dziko lapansi.Ndi kufalikira kwavuto lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi mu 2008, makampani aku China photovoltaic nawonso adakhudzidwa.Bungwe la State Council la China linatchula makampani opanga photovoltaic ngati mafakitale omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri mu 2009. Kuyambira 2011, mayiko akuluakulu azachuma padziko lonse monga United States, European Union, Japan, ndi India adayambitsa kafukufuku wotsutsa kutaya ndi kutsutsa chithandizo pa photovoltaic ya China. makampani.Makampani a photovoltaic aku China agwera nthawi yachisokonezo.kusowa ndalama.
Boma la China lathandizira ndikuthandizira makampani opanga photovoltaic kwa zaka zambiri.Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha mafakitale a photovoltaic, maboma am'deralo adapereka ndondomeko zowoneka bwino komanso zobwereketsa zamapulojekiti a photovoltaic pokopa ndalama chifukwa cha kupambana kwawo ndale.Madera a Yangtze River Delta monga Jiangsu ndi Zhejiang.Kuonjezera apo, vuto la kuipitsa chilengedwe chifukwa cha kupanga magetsi a dzuwa layambitsa zionetsero zazikulu za anthu okhalamo.
Mu 2013, Bungwe la State Council of China linapereka lamulo lothandizira popangira magetsi a photovoltaic, ndipo mphamvu yopangira magetsi ya photovoltaic ya China yakwera kuchoka pa ma kilowati 19 miliyoni mu 2013 kufika pa ma kilowatts pafupifupi 310 miliyoni mu 2021. Boma la China linayamba kuchotseratu ndalama zothandizira photovoltaics mphamvu yamphepo kuyambira 2021.
Chifukwa cha mfundo zolimbikitsa zoperekedwa ndi boma la China komanso luso laukadaulo lamafakitale a photovoltaic, mtengo wapakati pamakampani opanga ma photovoltaic padziko lonse lapansi watsika ndi 80% m'zaka khumi zapitazi, zomwe zachititsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mphamvu yopangira photovoltaic.Europe ndi 35% yotsika, 20% yotsika kuposa US, ndipo ngakhale 10% yotsika kuposa India.
United States, European Union ndi China onse ali ndi zolinga zowongolera kusintha kwanyengo ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso mpaka atafika pakusalowerera ndale.Boma la Biden likufuna kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za dzuwa kuti akwaniritse cholinga chochepetsa mpweya wa carbon.Cholinga chokhazikitsidwa ndi boma la US ndikuti pofika chaka cha 2035, magetsi onse ku United States adzaperekedwa ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphepo ndi nyukiliya, popanda mpweya wa zero.Ku EU, kupanga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa kunaposa mafuta oyaka kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 2020, ndipo EU iwonjezeranso gawo la msika wa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, ndi mphamvu zoyendera dzuwa ndi mphepo.European Commission ikufuna kuchepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndi 50% pofika 2030 ndikukwaniritsa kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni pofika chaka cha 2050. China ikufuna kuti pofika 2030, gawo la mphamvu zopanda mafuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi oyambira zidzafika pafupifupi 25%, mphamvu yonse yoyikidwa ya mphepo. mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa zidzafika pa ma kilowatts oposa 1.2 biliyoni, ndipo kusalowerera ndale kwa carbon kudzakwaniritsidwa ndi 2060.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-28-2022